1. Yield Stress and Fracture Behavior of Electric Copper Foils, Yasushi KUROSAKI, Hiroyuki TAKEUCHI* and Kenichi MURAI: JSME International Journal, Series C, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 407-413, 1994.
   
   Mechanical properties under uniaxial and equi-biaxial tensions are examined for electronic copper foils and sheets ranging from 5μm to 1mm in thickness. A hydraulic microbulge tes applicable to very thin metal foils is proposed for the equi-biaxial tension, and its validty is confirmed by computer simulation based on the Bassani yield function. The yield stresses in both the uniaxial and equi-biaxial tensions are dependent on the grain size, but not on thickness. The conventional yield criteria are shown to be applicable to very thin foils as well as to sheets with usual thickness. However, the fracture behavior varies according to the thickness, and the limit strain and ductility become markedly low for thin foils.
   
   
2. Evaluation of Temperature Dependence on Ruby Fluorescence at High Pressure by Viscosity Measurement of Lubricants, Ikuya FUJISHIRO, Yuichi NAKAMURA, and Hidenori YAMANOKUCHI*: High-Pressure Science and Technology-1993, Proc. of Joint AIRAPT/APS Int. Conf. Colorado Springs, 2, pp.1059-1062, 1994.
   
   Heating a diamond-anvil cell (DAC) filled with a liquid medium induces a pressure increment in a pressure chamber due to the prevention of thermal expansion of the liquid medium. The pressure increment was measured up to an elevated temperature (200℃) by means of the viscosity measurements for the reference lubricant that have established viscosity-pressure-temperature data in an ASME report. Considering the effect of such a pressure increment in DAC, the temperature coefficient of ruby R1 was found to be 0.00641 nm/℃ up to 120℃ at 850 MPa.
   
   
3. Estimation of Refractive Index and Density of Lubricants under High Pressure by Brillouin Scattering, Yuichi NAKAMURA, Ikuya FUJISHIRO and Hiroshi KAWAKAMI: High-Pressure Science and Technology-1993, Proc. of Joint AIRAPT/APS Int. Conf. Colorado Springs, 2, pp.1519-1522, 1994.
   
   Employing a diamond-anvil cell, Brillouin scattering spectra of 90°and 180°angles for synthetic lubricants (paraffinic and naphthenic oils) were measured and sound velocity, density and refractive index under high pressure were obtained. The density obtained from the thermodynamic relation was compared with that from Lorentz-Lorenz's formula. The density was also compared with Dowson's density-pressure equation of lubricants, and density-pressure characteristics of the paraffinic oil and naphthenic oil were described considering the molecular structure for solidified lubricants. The effect of such physical properties of lubricants on the elastohydrodynamic lubrication of roll bearings, gears and traction drives was considered.

Abstracts of Books and Reviews

1. Material Processing Functions of Microorganisms and Their Industrial Applications [in Japanese], Yasushi KUROSAKI: Science of Machine, Vol. 45, No. 6, pp. 521-527, 1994.
   
   From the viewpoint of developing a nontraditional material processing, various functions of microorganisms, such as production of biogenesis materials, bioaccumulation, bioleaching andbiocorrosion, are reviewed, and recent attempts of utilizing these functions conducted by the author are introduced. It is shown that new processings referred to as biomachining (MBM) and biodeposition (MBD) are promising.
    
2. Measurement of Viscoelastic Properties of Lubricants under High Pressure by DAC, Ikuya FUJISHIRO and Yuichi NAKAMURA: "High Pressure Liquids and Solutions", Current Japanese Materials Research, Elsevier Science B. V. and Soc. Mat. Sci., Jpn.,  13, Y. Taniguchi*, M. Senoo and K. Hara* ed., pp.149-167, 1994.
   
   A high-pressure diamond-anvil cell (DAC) was used to measure the pressure dependence of viscosity, density, and viscoelastic properties of several lubricants (paraffinic oils, naphthenic oils, synthetic oils and their blends). Viscosity was obtained by falling-sphere viscometry, density from Brillouin spectra, and viscoelastic properties from the stress relaxation. The viscoelastic analysis enabled a new method to be proposed for estimating the viscosity and volume viscosity of glassy-state lubricants at about 2.5 GPa. The results are assessed from the tribological viewpoint with reference to lubricants' molecular structure.
   
   
3. Pressure Measurement by Ruby Fluorescence Method [in Japanese], Ikuya FUJISHIRO and Yuichi NAKAMURA: The Review of High Pressure Science and Technology, 3-1, pp.87-89, 1994.
   
   Method of pressure  measurement by ruby fluorescence in a diamond-anvil cell at relatively lower pressure was described. 　Anisotropy of sensing ruby fluorescence and its effect for the accurate pressure measurement were also discussed.  Non-hydrostaticity was estimated by the fluorescence of two rubies which had different crystal orientations. Annealing of sensing ruby was effective for improving the accuracy of pressure measurement.
   
   
4. Aichaku Engineering -Consumer Oriented Engineering [in Japanese], Ikuya Fujishiro: Asu no Mie, 59, pp.38-45, 1994. 
   
   Most engineering problems were developed from  production side such as  efficiency, productivity and function. However, an aspect of the real satisfaction of the user of the products should be considered. The features of the product that can be used with affection (aichaku) should be investigated. These features are long life, beauty, high quality, easy maintenance, scarcity, personal taste etc. New territory such as consumer oriented aichaku engineering  is proposed in this paper.